如何翻译医学英文大全中的同位语从句?

在医学英文大全中,同位语从句是一个常见的语法现象。同位语从句用于解释说明名词或代词的含义,使句子更加完整和清晰。然而,翻译同位语从句并非易事,需要掌握一定的技巧和方法。本文将详细探讨如何翻译医学英文大全中的同位语从句。

一、同位语从句的构成

同位语从句由一个从属连词引导,从属连词主要有:that、whether、if、how、why等。从句中的主语和谓语动词与主句的主语和谓语动词构成从属关系。例如:

  1. The fact that he was absent from the meeting was unknown to us.(他缺席会议的事实我们不知道。)

  2. The question whether he would attend the meeting is still uncertain.(他是否会参加会议还不确定。)

二、同位语从句的翻译方法

  1. 翻译为定语从句

将同位语从句翻译为定语从句,可以使句子结构更加清晰。翻译时,需要将同位语从句中的从属连词去掉,并将从句改为定语从句。例如:

  1. The fact that he was absent from the meeting was unknown to us.(他缺席会议的事实我们不知道。)

翻译为:The fact that he was absent from the meeting is unknown to us.


  1. The question whether he would attend the meeting is still uncertain.(他是否会参加会议还不确定。)

翻译为:The question whether he would attend the meeting is still uncertain.


  1. 翻译为并列句

当同位语从句中的内容与主句内容关系密切时,可以将同位语从句翻译为并列句。翻译时,需要将同位语从句中的从属连词去掉,并在从句前加上“即”、“也就是说”等连接词。例如:

  1. The reason why he left the job was that he couldn't stand the working environment.(他离职的原因是他无法忍受工作环境。)

翻译为:The reason why he left the job is that he couldn't stand the working environment, i.e., it was too stressful.


  1. The condition under which he was working was very poor.(他工作的条件非常差。)

翻译为:The condition under which he was working was very poor, i.e., the working environment was not good at all.


  1. 翻译为独立句

当同位语从句中的内容与主句内容关系较远时,可以将同位语从句翻译为独立句。翻译时,需要将同位语从句中的从属连词去掉,并在从句前加上冒号、破折号或分号等标点符号。例如:

  1. The point that he made in his speech was very important.(他在演讲中提出的观点非常重要。)

翻译为:The point that he made in his speech was very important: it had a significant impact on the audience.


  1. The fact that he was absent from the meeting was unknown to us.(他缺席会议的事实我们不知道。)

翻译为:The fact that he was absent from the meeting was unknown to us; we were surprised to hear about it.

三、翻译同位语从句的注意事项

  1. 理解同位语从句的含义

在翻译同位语从句之前,首先要理解同位语从句的含义,确保翻译的准确性。


  1. 注意同位语从句的语序

翻译同位语从句时,要注意保持从句的语序,使句子结构更加完整。


  1. 注意同位语从句的省略

在翻译同位语从句时,有时需要省略从句中的某些成分,如主语、谓语动词等,以确保翻译的简洁性。


  1. 注意同位语从句的语气

翻译同位语从句时,要注意保持从句的语气,如陈述语气、疑问语气、感叹语气等。

总之,翻译医学英文大全中的同位语从句需要掌握一定的技巧和方法。通过了解同位语从句的构成、翻译方法以及注意事项,可以更好地翻译同位语从句,使翻译更加准确、流畅。

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