如何翻译医学英文大全中的同位语从句?
在医学英文大全中,同位语从句是一个常见的语法现象。同位语从句用于解释说明名词或代词的含义,使句子更加完整和清晰。然而,翻译同位语从句并非易事,需要掌握一定的技巧和方法。本文将详细探讨如何翻译医学英文大全中的同位语从句。
一、同位语从句的构成
同位语从句由一个从属连词引导,从属连词主要有:that、whether、if、how、why等。从句中的主语和谓语动词与主句的主语和谓语动词构成从属关系。例如:
The fact that he was absent from the meeting was unknown to us.(他缺席会议的事实我们不知道。)
The question whether he would attend the meeting is still uncertain.(他是否会参加会议还不确定。)
二、同位语从句的翻译方法
- 翻译为定语从句
将同位语从句翻译为定语从句,可以使句子结构更加清晰。翻译时,需要将同位语从句中的从属连词去掉,并将从句改为定语从句。例如:
- The fact that he was absent from the meeting was unknown to us.(他缺席会议的事实我们不知道。)
翻译为:The fact that he was absent from the meeting is unknown to us.
- The question whether he would attend the meeting is still uncertain.(他是否会参加会议还不确定。)
翻译为:The question whether he would attend the meeting is still uncertain.
- 翻译为并列句
当同位语从句中的内容与主句内容关系密切时,可以将同位语从句翻译为并列句。翻译时,需要将同位语从句中的从属连词去掉,并在从句前加上“即”、“也就是说”等连接词。例如:
- The reason why he left the job was that he couldn't stand the working environment.(他离职的原因是他无法忍受工作环境。)
翻译为:The reason why he left the job is that he couldn't stand the working environment, i.e., it was too stressful.
- The condition under which he was working was very poor.(他工作的条件非常差。)
翻译为:The condition under which he was working was very poor, i.e., the working environment was not good at all.
- 翻译为独立句
当同位语从句中的内容与主句内容关系较远时,可以将同位语从句翻译为独立句。翻译时,需要将同位语从句中的从属连词去掉,并在从句前加上冒号、破折号或分号等标点符号。例如:
- The point that he made in his speech was very important.(他在演讲中提出的观点非常重要。)
翻译为:The point that he made in his speech was very important: it had a significant impact on the audience.
- The fact that he was absent from the meeting was unknown to us.(他缺席会议的事实我们不知道。)
翻译为:The fact that he was absent from the meeting was unknown to us; we were surprised to hear about it.
三、翻译同位语从句的注意事项
- 理解同位语从句的含义
在翻译同位语从句之前,首先要理解同位语从句的含义,确保翻译的准确性。
- 注意同位语从句的语序
翻译同位语从句时,要注意保持从句的语序,使句子结构更加完整。
- 注意同位语从句的省略
在翻译同位语从句时,有时需要省略从句中的某些成分,如主语、谓语动词等,以确保翻译的简洁性。
- 注意同位语从句的语气
翻译同位语从句时,要注意保持从句的语气,如陈述语气、疑问语气、感叹语气等。
总之,翻译医学英文大全中的同位语从句需要掌握一定的技巧和方法。通过了解同位语从句的构成、翻译方法以及注意事项,可以更好地翻译同位语从句,使翻译更加准确、流畅。
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