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如何用英文翻译＂专利＂的相关术语？

The translation of patent-related terminology into English is a crucial aspect for global communication and understanding in the field of intellectual property. Patents are legal documents that grant inventors exclusive rights to their inventions for a certain period. Below is a comprehensive guide to translating some common patent-related terms into English.

Patent - This term refers to the legal document that grants inventors the right to exclude others from making, using, selling, or importing their invention. In English, it remains as "patent."
Invention - The term "invention" refers to the new, non-obvious, and useful device, method, or process that is the subject of a patent application. In English, it is also translated as "invention."
Patent Application - This is the formal document submitted to a patent office to request the grant of a patent. In English, it is called "patent application."
Patent Office - The organization responsible for examining patent applications and granting patents. In English, it is "patent office."
Patent Holder - The person or entity that holds the exclusive rights to the patented invention. In English, it is "patent holder."
Inventor - The person who creates the invention. In English, it is "inventor."
Prior Art - The term "prior art" refers to any publicly available information that is relevant to the patentability of an invention. In English, it is "prior art."
Claims - The claims of a patent are the legal part of the patent that defines the scope of the invention. In English, they are simply called "claims."
Independent Claim - An independent claim is a claim that stands on its own and does not depend on any other claim. In English, it is "independent claim."
Dependent Claim - A dependent claim is a claim that refers back to and depends on one or more other claims. In English, it is "dependent claim."
Patent Search - This is the process of searching for existing patents and prior art to determine whether an invention is novel and non-obvious. In English, it is "patent search."
Patent Examination - The process by which a patent examiner reviews a patent application to ensure that it meets the legal requirements for patentability. In English, it is "patent examination."
Patentability - The quality of an invention that makes it eligible for patent protection. In English, it is "patentability."
Utility Patent - A utility patent is granted for a new, useful, and non-obvious invention or functional improvement. In English, it is "utility patent."
Design Patent - A design patent is granted for a new, original, and ornamental design for an article of manufacture. In English, it is "design patent."
Plant Patent - A plant patent is granted for a new variety of plant that is asexually reproduced. In English, it is "plant patent."
Patent Term - The period of time during which the patent holder has exclusive rights to the invention. In English, it is "patent term."
Renewal - The process of extending the term of a patent beyond its original expiration date. In English, it is "renewal."
Patent Infringement - The unauthorized use of a patented invention. In English, it is "patent infringement."
Patent Portfolio - A collection of patents owned by an individual or entity. In English, it is "patent portfolio."

When translating patent-related terminology, it is important to maintain accuracy and clarity to ensure that the document is legally binding and understood by all parties involved. The terms provided above are just a starting point, and there are many more specialized terms that may be encountered in the field of patents. It is always advisable to consult with a professional translator or legal expert when dealing with complex and technical language in the context of patents.