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专利权如何用英文表达？

The English expression for "专利权" is "patent rights." Patent rights refer to the exclusive legal rights granted to an inventor or assignee by the state to exclude others from making, using, selling, or importing the patented invention within a certain territory and for a certain period of time. This article will delve into the concept of patent rights, their significance, types, and how to obtain them in English.

I. The Concept of Patent Rights

Patent rights are a form of intellectual property rights, which protect the interests of inventors and promote the development of science and technology. In essence, patent rights grant inventors the exclusive right to exploit their inventions, thereby encouraging innovation and technological progress.

II. The Significance of Patent Rights

Protecting the rights and interests of inventors: Patent rights enable inventors to obtain economic benefits from their inventions, thereby encouraging them to invest in research and development.
Promoting the dissemination of technology: By granting inventors exclusive rights, patent laws encourage the disclosure of technological information, facilitating the dissemination and application of technology.
Encouraging innovation: Patent rights provide inventors with a competitive advantage in the market, thereby motivating them to innovate and develop new technologies.
Facilitating the development of the economy: The protection of patent rights promotes the transformation of scientific and technological achievements into productivity, contributing to the economic development of the country.

III. Types of Patent Rights

Utility patents: These patents are granted for new, useful, and non-obvious inventions or functional improvements. They are the most common type of patent.
Design patents: These patents are granted for new, original, and ornamental designs for an article of manufacture.
Plant patents: These patents are granted for new varieties of plants that are asexually reproduced.

IV. How to Obtain Patent Rights

Invention disclosure: The inventor must first disclose the invention in a written form, including the technical field, background, the invention itself, and the advantages and applications of the invention.
Filing a patent application: The inventor or assignee must file a patent application with the relevant patent office, such as the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) or the State Intellectual Property Office (SIPO) in China.
Examination and approval: The patent office will examine the application to determine whether the invention meets the requirements for patentability, such as novelty, non-obviousness, and utility.
Granting of the patent: If the application passes the examination, the patent office will grant the patent, and the inventor or assignee will obtain the exclusive rights to the invention.

V. English Terminology in Patent Rights

Patent: The exclusive right granted to an inventor or assignee by the state to exclude others from making, using, selling, or importing the patented invention.
Invention: A new, useful, and non-obvious technological solution or functional improvement.
Novelty: The requirement that the invention must be new, meaning it has not been publicly disclosed, used, or patented before.
Non-obviousness: The requirement that the invention must be non-obvious, meaning it would not have been obvious to a person having ordinary skill in the relevant field.
Utility: The requirement that the invention must be useful, meaning it must have a specific and substantial purpose or application.
Patent application: The written document submitted to the patent office to obtain a patent.
Patent examination: The process by which the patent office reviews the patent application to determine whether the invention meets the requirements for patentability.
Patent grant: The official document issued by the patent office granting the patent.

In conclusion, patent rights are a crucial component of intellectual property protection, promoting innovation and technological progress. Understanding the concept, significance, types, and procedures for obtaining patent rights is essential for inventors and businesses seeking to protect their intellectual property. By utilizing the appropriate English terminology, one can effectively communicate and navigate the complexities of patent rights in an international context.